The Issue of Human Trafficking - 1116 Words

When we think about slavery, we think those days are long behind us. We think about the 19th century when people used others to do their labor in exchange for shelter and food. What we don’t realize, however, is that the act of slavery is still a very prevalent issue today, under the name of human trafficking. Human traffickers are those who victimize others in their desire to profit from the existing demand. People of all ages, even children, are recruited and taken from all around the world and forced into acts such as prostitution, war, and extreme labor. Many people are not aware of these events occurring at all, and more awareness needs to be brought to this topic. Human trafficking exists for a few reasons.†¦show more content†¦Labor trafficking may also occur in agriculture. Children as young as five or six years old are forced to harvest crops, raise animals in the field, and pack plants, orchids, and nurseries. Many children and teens immigrate to the U.S. an d become involved in the agricultural industry to help support their parents. These victims are forced to work long hours in the sun, and beaten and threatened when they attempt to take a break. Many traffickers threaten to deport their victims back to their country if they try and object. Like factory labor, agriculture labor becomes trafficking when forced and lies and threats become involved. Another less common but still active form of trafficking is war trafficking. The Coalition to Stop the Use of Child Soldiers estimates that there are tens of thousands of children exploited in conflict all around the world. Although most of the children are abducted for war purposes are thrown into combat, some may also be unlawfully made to work as porters, guards, cooks, guards, messengers, or spies. These children are forced to commit physiologically scarring crimes against their family or community. Many child soldiers are severely injured and when they return from war to their home, they are often rejected. Most of these children, male or female, are sexually abused and are at risk for STDs. Lastly, humans may be trafficked for their organs, most popularly kidneys. In many countries, the transplant waiting list is very long.Show MoreRelatedThe Issue of Human Trafficking1512 Words   |  7 Pagesslavery† is the illegal trade of human beings for forced labor and exploitation; referring to using others for sexual exploitation, organ trafficking, and forced labor. This international crime is happening all around us and little to nothing is being done by governments. â€Å"Roughly two hundred thousand slaves are working here in America† (Madox). So the land of the free, well, it might not be so free after all. Coming in second after drug trafficking, â€Å"human trafficking generates about 35 billion dollarsRead MoreThe Issue Of Human Trafficking1481 Words   |  6 Pages Human trafficking is defined by the United Nations as the acquisition of people by improper means such as force, fraud or deception, with the aim of exploiting them. Unfortunately, human trafficking is a crime that occurs globally with many men, women, and children being forced to work as laborers and or sex workers. As is the case with many crimes, the statistics regarding human trafficking are sensationalized, making it seem as if it is more prevalent than it actually is. Many tag the SuperRead MoreThe Issue Of Human Trafficking875 Words   |  4 Pageswide misconception among Americans that support the idea that human trafficking is something that only occurs overseas and not something that takes place in the United States. As a country that puts a huge value on freedom of choice, many U.S. citizens naively wish to believe that such an inhumane offense could never occur on our own free soil. Unfortunately, this notion is not true at all and domestic trafficking is an ongoing iss ue that needs to be addressed within our own borders. In additionRead MoreThe Issue Of Human Trafficking779 Words   |  4 Pages14. Human trafficking was not defined in international, regional, and national laws until the late 2000s in Article 3, paragraph (a) of the Protocol to Prevent, Suppress, and Punish Trafficking in Persons, supplementing the United Nations Convention Against Transnational Organized Crime (Trafficking Protocol) , and the optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the Sale of Children, Child Prostitution, and Child Pornography (CRC Protocol) . 15. At the same token, RwandaRead MoreHuman Trafficking Is An Issue1348 Words   |  6 Pagesthat slavery is no longer existent, it still is very popular, and it’s human trafficking. Human trafficking is an issue everywhere, but it has always been a major issue in Bangladesh. Human trafficking is still an issue because it s still legal in some areas, and the government doesn t make an effort to help the young women and children who are as young as twelve in the trafficking business. The truth is, human trafficking is happening right in front of our faces, and in every country.These peopleRead MoreThe Issue Of Human Trafficking2654 Words   |  11 PagesAccording to the UNDOC, human trafficking is the acquisition of people by illegal means such as force, fraud, deception, abduction or coercion for the purpose of exploiting them. This vice is one of the main international policy concerns of the 21st century that is spreading at an alarming rate. Often, human trafficking is confused with human migration and smuggling even though the three terms are completely different. Unlike human trafficking, human migration and smuggling involves migration/transportationRead MoreThe Issue Of Human Trafficking Essay1836 Words   |  8 Pagescommunity, better known as human trafficking by society. Human trafficking is the illegal traffic of individuals for the purposes of sexual exploitation and commercial achievements. Individuals are misplaced and forced into slavery throughout the state. The targets of human trafficking are mostly women and children, some children are as young as 13 years old, and this act is called â€Å"child-trafficking†. This issue is not only of a safety matter but also of a public health issue. The victims are kept inRead MoreThe Issue Of Human Trafficking4049 Words   |  17 Pageshave been raised over the years in regards to the issue of human trafficking. Countless international groups such as charities have tried to increase pub lic awareness around the issue of trafficking of human beings and at the same time have encouraged governmental bodies to acknowledge this problem that its affecting people around the world and which has increased dramatically over the past years (Newburn, 2013,pp.430-431). The trafficking of human beings has reached a global level, with thousandsRead MoreThe Issue Of Human Trafficking2669 Words   |  11 Pages Human Trafficking Defining my topic human trafficking is when people are really slaved and by selling their body well being told to do it. My topic is a human rights issue because it is part of slavery. In spite of the fact that servitude is generally thought to be a relic of times gone by, human trafficking still exists today all through the United States and all inclusive when traffickers utilization power, misrepresentationRead MoreCombatting the Issue of Human Trafficking1294 Words   |  5 Pagesresolutions for combating the issue of human trafficking , both locally and nationally. I chose to investigate two existing social awareness campaigns located in Ohio. The reasons I decided to explore these two organizations is because of the obvious, that my classmates and I are in the state of Ohio but overall, it is due to the fact that this state ranks number five in the nation for human trafficking. There are explanations behind the ranking of Ohio for this issue. The first explanatio n

Anne Boleyn s The First Wife Of Henry Viii Essay

Anne Boleyn is a figure that continues to fascinate us centuries after she met her end on the scaffold. The story goes that King Henry struggles with his conscience when it becomes clear that his wife Catherine will not give him a male heir. He meets Anne and falls in love, and as a consequence breaks with Rome and the Holy Roman Catholic Church to marry her. When she too fails to produce the elusive son he desires he has her executed. The second wife of Henry VIII, Anne’s is a biography that many know, and yet this juxtaposes with the reality that her story is often oversimplified by the salacious details of her life. In the context of the early English reformation, Anne was a player to the colossal events of this period and for this, her role in them deserves to be more closely examined. Anne is a fundamental part of the reformation to the extent that she allowed the door on it to be cracked open through key events such as the divorce from Catherine of Aragon, the ‘Kin g’s Great Matter’, the Break with Rome, and the Royal Supremacy to take place. The idea of divorcing his first wife was not a relatively new one for King Henry. He had been married to Catherine of Aragon for almost two decades by the late 1520s. For years Henry had had a growing concern as Catherine, six years his senior, passed her childbearing years behind. It became increasingly likely she would not be able to bear a son. During their marriage, they had suffered misfortune, from multipleShow MoreRelatedKing Henry The Viii By William Shakespeare853 Words   |  4 PagesKing Henry the VIII was born in 1491 to Henry Tudor VII and Elizabeth of York, making him their third child, but second son. He was named after his father, Henry VII, and since he was the second son, he was not expected to be King. King Henry VII eldest son Arthur, Prince of Wales was to take the thrown and become King of England, that is until his death unexpected death. When little Henry was ten ye ars old, he attended Arthur and his bride Catherine of Argon’s wedding. Four months after the marriageRead MoreElizabeth I And Two Miscarriages1501 Words   |  7 PagesAnne Boleyn Born: Possibly end of May or early June between 1501 and 1507, specific date unknown. Probably born at Blickling (Norfolk). Parents: Sir Thomas Boleyn, Courtier and Diplomat, and Elizabeth, daughter of the Duke of Norfolk. Siblings: George Boleyn and Mary Boleyn. Married: Henry VIII of England. Married 25th January 1533, probably at the Palace of Whitehall. Divorced by her execution on the 19th of May 1936. Children: Elizabeth I and two miscarriages. Died: 19th May 1536, Chapel ofRead MoreHenry Viii And Henry Vi : Why Did Shakespeare Do This !?1510 Words   |  7 PagesWoods English 2B Ms. Carey Henry VIII and Henry VI: Why did Shakespeare do this!?! The Shakespearean playwrights, Henry VIII and Henry VI are portrayed as the most powerful and dominant king that ever ruled England. Then you take a look at these two kings real lives and it strikes mystery. What true? What not? What to believe, what not believe? Well in this book report, I will compare and contrast the playwrights that Shakespeare wrote, to there real lives. But first we have to go through a quickRead MoreKing Henry Viii Of England2253 Words   |  10 Pages Henry VIII of England[1509-1547] By Kent McMahon King Henry VIII of England is the most infamous and notorious of all the Monarchs of England. He was a vile and heartless man who beheaded over 72,000 people in his 38 year reign and called for public celebration when his first wife, Catherine of Aragorn died on the 7th of January,1536. King Henry VIII was born on the 28th of June,1491 in Greenwich Palace. He was theRead MoreHenry VIII And Louis XIV Essay1494 Words   |  6 Pages Henry VIII and Louis XIV Henry VIII and Louis XIV were both men whose accomplishments on a national level for their respective countries of England and France were great, but whose very different personal problems gave them a negative impression in history. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The two leaders had very different ruling styles, but with a few similar themes throughout. Perhaps the best thing to look at first is their very different attitudes toward God and God ¹s power in monarchy and stateRead MoreThe Protestant Reform Movements On The European Continent Against The Roman Catholic Church3669 Words   |  15 Pages the English monarchy was Catholic, and thus opposed to reform, prosecuting evangelicals as heretics. In the first half of the reign of Henry VIII, the second Tudor monarch, this pattern continued under the administration of Cardinal Thomas Wolsey as Lord Chancellor, and later with Sir Thomas More in that same office (Marshall 31). However, in 1526, Henry VIII was in love with Anne Boleyn, and the delay of Pope Clement VII to grant him an annulment of his marriage to Katherine of Aragon set in motionRead MoreThomas Cromwell : A Great Writer Essay731 Words   |  3 Pagesmarried Elizabeth Wykys. Though it was a short marriage, together, they had two daughters, Anne and Grace, and a son Gregory (Maynard, 9). In 1523, Cromwell was a part of the House of Commons, the lower house in Parliamen t (Maynard, 71). He took his role there until Parliament was dissolved. In 1524, Cromwell was elected as a member of Gray’s Inn, a professional judge and attorney association in London. Cromwell first became a part of the English government with work through service towards Cardinal WolseyRead MoreKing Henry Viii : An Example Of A Renaissance Leader Essay2469 Words   |  10 PagesKing Henry VIII is an example of a renaissance leader as he was educated and skilled in the arts, military and was knowledgeable in religious matters. He desired a legacy that would last long after his death and he would do anything to achieve this feat. However, the name of King Henry VIII has come to be associated with infamy, lust and tyranny. Therefore, King Henry VIII is one of the most famous and infamous leaders in English history as he did succeed in establishing himself a legacy but a negativeRead MoreGreat Leaders And Rulers Of The Elizabethan Time Period1748 Words   |  7 Pages Abraham Lincoln once said that â€Å" nearly all men can stand adversity, but if you want to test a man s character, give him power†. Whether given power through democracy, communism, monarchy, or several other forms of government those who lead a country or nation are remembered throughout history. Leaders and rulers are distinguished by the events that occur during their reign whether they are controllable or insuppressible. They are remembered for the conflicts that occur and simply how they useRead MoreKing Henry s Viii Church Of England Essay2987 Words   |  12 PagesM01A Professor Egan November 21, 2014 King Henry’s VIII Church of England Was the Reformation Based in Religion or Politics? When most students think of Henry VIII, they think of the mad, power hungry and misogynistic tyrant who beheaded two of his wives and married six times. Although those events did in fact take place, it is the greater accomplishments of King Henry VIII that should be remembered throughout history. Historians consider Henry VIII to be the most important monarch to have ruled the

How to Deal with Stress Free Essays

HOW TO DEAL WITH STRESS? Stress is the natural strain which we feel when we have to cope with difficult, unpleasant or dangerous situations. We can’t completely remove it from our lives but we can learn how to deal with it. There is a lot of techniques to cope with stress starting with relaxing massages and ending with yoga. We will write a custom essay sample on How to Deal with Stress or any similar topic only for you Order Now But the most helpful are these methods which are simple, possible to do by everyone and easy to remember. To achieve success in the fight with stress we should remember about a few simple things: 1) Be well prepared and well organized to your task ) Be aware of your choices – you always have choice, think about it and decide what to do 3) Stop worrying about things that you cannot change 4) Take a deep breath and realize that you have the power to control your life 5) Do not expect perfectionism from yourself, sometimes no matter how hard you try, some things are just impossible 6) Don’t take things too seriously, give yourself a chance to have a little bit of fun 7) Use a positive self – talk, repeat to yourself â€Å" I can handle this, I will manage, I am the best† 8) Chew gum – it is proved that the action of chewing can reduce stress. ) Get enough sunlight 10) Treat your body right – you will have more self-confidence and energy. Follow a sensible diet, eat a healthy breakfast, drink a lot of water, don’t drink too much coffee because caffeine is known to boost stress levels. Beware also of junk food. Get fit – exercise a little every day. This release endorphins that can lower stress levels, eat chocolate because it release endorphins too. The most important – get enough sleep. If your life is too fast, slow down, take a rest. Remember that you are a unique individual, worthy of love and stress is just a temporary feeling . How to cite How to Deal with Stress, Essay examples

Analysis of The Age of Anxiety by W.H. Auden Essay Example For Students

Analysis of The Age of Anxiety by W.H. Auden Essay Analysis of The Age of Anxiety by W.H. AudenAnalysis of The Age of Anxiety by W.H. AudenThe themes and ideas in Audens The Age of Anxiety reflect his belief thatmans quest for self actualization is in vain. I. Audens backgroundA. As a 1930s poet1. Views of Society2. Diagnosis of the industrial societyB. Major conflicts of his worksII. The Age of Anxiety overviewA. As a quest poem1. Characters search for self-actualization2. Characters inevitable failure in the questB. Characters views on the general situation1. Their belief to be in Purgatory when they areallegorically in Hell2. Their disbelief in impossibilityIII. The Age of Anxiety character analysisA. QuantB. MalinC. RosettaD. EmbleIV. Part IA. Commonly called PrologueB. Introduces scene and charactersC. Characters think aloud to reveal their nature1. Quant views himself with false admiration2. Malin examines the theoretical nature of man3. Rosetta endeavors to create an imaginary and happy past4. Emble passes his youthful judgment on the others follies V. First act of Part II, The Seven AgesA. Malins domination of this act1. Serves as a guide2. Controls the characters through his introduction of each ageB. Others support Malins the ories by drawing from past, present, and potential future experiencesC. The ages1. The first agea. Malin asks the reader to Behold the infantb. Child is helpless in cradle and / Righteous stillbut already has a Dread in his dreams2. The second agea. Youth, as Malin describes itb. Age at which man realizes his life-bet with a lyingselfc. Naive belief in self and place in life is boundlessd. It is the age of belief in the possibility of afuture3. The third agea. The sexual awakeningb. Distinction between dream and realityc. Discovery that love, as it was thought to be, is asharp contrast to love in the bounds of reality4. The fourth agea. Presents circus imagery as a form of art too closeto life to have any purgative effect on theaudienceb. Rosettas definition of life and the world5. The fifth agea. Conveys the image of man as an astonished victorb. Man believes he has made peace with the meaning oflifec. Anxiety declines as He man learns to speak /Softer and slower, not to seem so ea gerd. Man is no longer confined to a prison of prismaticcolor, but is free in the dull, bland placethat is the worlde. Embles opposition of the fifth age(1) Refuses to go willingly into middle age(2) Demands to know why man must Leave out the worst / Pang of youth(3) Is disturbed by time unlike the others for he is still young enough to have a futuref. Quants domination of the fifth age(1) Attempt to eliminate all hope(2) View on mans adaptation to the fifth age6. The sixth agea. Man begins to show ageb. Impotent, aged, and successful, Malins portrayalof a man of this age is indifferent to the world7. The seventh agea. Hypothetical man is tired outb. Malin is ready for this age in contrast to theothers reluctance to die just yetVI. Second act of Part II, The Seven StagesA. Unlike The Seven Ages, this act is nothing more than a dreamB. The Seven Stages is an attempt to find the perfect time of lifeC. The stages1. The first stagea. Each character begins alone, isolated with his owntho ughtsb. Justification of the view that the quest is fornaught2. The second stagea. Is initiated by the first pairing of characters(1) Shows possibility of hope(a) Emble(b) Rosetta(2) Shows futility of hope(a) Quant(b) Malin3. The third stagea. Begins as the couples turn inland(1) Emble and Rosetta by plane(2) Quant and Malin by trainb. The characters complete the third stage withoutsuccess in their search for self4. The fourth stagea. Malin speaks for them all in his derogatorativestatements about the cityb. Malin passes judgment on its citizens based onthe urban surroundings5. The fifth stagea. Rosetta visits a mansion in which she wishesshe were raised and to which she wishes sheshall returnb. While Rosetta is within the house, the othersexamine its exterior and its comparison tohe human bodyc. Rosetta finds life inside the house no betterthan before6. The sixth stagea. A forgotten graveyard is the settingb. Symbolizes The results of life7. The seventh stagea. The characters wande r deep into a forest, eachtaking a solitary pathb. They meet at the edge of the forest with a desertbefore themc. As they realize that life has no meaning, thedesert becomes the real world, thus endingthis stage with their awakeningVII. The remaining three partsA. Follows the characters from the bar to their homesB. The four remember the despair of the conclusion of The Seven Stages rather than the journey itselfIn Audens lengthy poem, The Age of Anxiety, he follows the actionsand thoughts of four characters who happen to meet in a bar during a war. Theirinteractions with one another lead them on an imaginary quest in their minds inwhich they attempt, without success, to discover themselves. The themes andideas that Audens The Age of Anxiety conveys reflect his belief that mansquest for self-actualization is in vain. SOLO Report EssayQuant is more dominant in this age than any other for it is this agethat he represents. In it, he attempts to eliminate all hope for a future. Hefeels that if man cannot adjust to mediocrity, it is too bad. . . If man asksfor more, the world only gets worse (Nelson 120). The sixth age is attributed to mans scars of time, to mans aging. Impotent, aged, and successful, Malin portrays man to be indifferent to theworld (Nelson 120). Hypothetical man is exhausted when His last illusions have lostpatience / With the human enterprise in the seventh age. Malin greets this agewith preparedness, but the other characters feel reluctance in greeting death(Nelson 120). The second act of Part II of The Age of Anxiety, The Seven Stages,is different from The Seven Ages in that the first act is based on experiencesand the second act consists entirely of a dream. The purpose of The SevenStages is to determine the ideal time of life for man in which he can residefor eternity (Nelson 121). The first stage begins like all quests begin, with all characters alone. They are each isolated with his own thoughts. Their journey ends in the samefashion, with each of them alone, which labels this as a false quest for nothingis accomplished (Nelson 121). The second stage is initiated by the pairing of the characters. Thispairing represents the possibility of hope with the two youngest, Emble andRosetta, and it also symbolizes the futility of hope with the two eldest, Quantand Malin (Nelson 121). The third stage begins as the couples begin to head inland. Emble andRosetta travel via plane, which symbolizes the useless attempt to escape life byflying above it. Quant and Malin, on the other hand, travel by train, whichrepresents the same inability to escape life, although this time the method isthrough immersion into life (Nelson 121). In the fourth stage, Malin speaks for the group in his derogatorystatements about the city. Malin also passes judgment on the people of the citynot on the basis of personality content, but on that of the surroundings ofwhich he thinks so lowly (Nelson 122). The fifth stage is reached when the group sights the big house whileriding on a trolley. Rosetta, with her false past as an outline, references thehouse to one in which she was imaginarily reared, and to which she shall return. During her visitation to the house, Quant and the others analyze the housesexterior. Quant comments on the houses appearance: The facade has a lifelesslook. The house is compared to a human being, with its book-lined roomsserving as the brain and the guards at the front gate who / Change with theseasons serving as the senses. Rosetta finds her life within the house nobetter than before (Nelson 122). The sixth stage takes place in a forgotten graveyard. It is observedas a still / Museum exhibiting / The results of life, which could either bedeath or the life that results from death as the Flittermice, finches / Andflies restore / Their lost milieu (Nelson 122). The seventh stage begins as each character plunges deep into a denseforest where they are confronted by a vast desert. Here, Quant asks thequestion, Do I love this world so well / That I have to know how it ends? Thefour take heed of the question and realize that their quest has no meaning, andas they do so, their dream world drifts upwards into the realm of consciousnessand the vast desert makes the transition to reality (Nelson 122-123). The remaining three parts follow each of the characters from the bar totheir respective homes. They each remember the despair of the conclusion ofThe Seven Stages, but have no recollection of the journey itself (Nelson 123). Auden has effectively portrayed the flaw of man in his fruitless questfor the meaning of self. His representations of Quant and Malin as the elderswhose future is bleak counters the bright and cheery illusion that Emble andRosetta may possibly have a future, though, in reality, the only sure future isdeath. Works CitedAltick, Richard D. Lives and Letters. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1969. Auden, W. H.. 19th Century British Minor Poets. New York: Delacorte Press,1966. -. City Without Walls and Other Poems. New York: Random House, 1969. -. Secondary Worlds. New York: Random House, 1968. Bahlke, George W., ed. Critical Essays on W. H. Auden. New York: G. K. Hall Co., 1991. Barrows, Marjorie Wescott, ed., et al. The American Experience: Poetry. NewYork: MacMillan Publishing Co., Inc., 1974. Kunitz, Stanley J. And Haycraft, Howard, eds.. Twentieth Century Authors. New York: The H. W. Wilson Company, 1942. Magill, Frank N., ed.. Critical Survey of Poetry. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.:Salem Press, 1982. Nelson, Gerald. From Changes of Heart (The Age of Anxiety). CriticalEssays on W. H. Auden. Ed. George W. Bahlke. New York: G. K. Hall Co.,1991.

Bmg Case Study free essay sample

Nowadays dealt platforms account for around 20% of recorded music sales, up from generating more revenue in percentage terms through digital platforms than swapper, magazine and film industries combined. Assessment of potential market After this brief analysis of the global music market it is now time to decide which geographic areas, and specifically countries, would be right to expand Bums business. I will therefore analyze these three countries: Brazil, China and India.BRAZIL PEST ANALYSIS {text:list-item} {text:list-item} {text:list-item} {text:list-item} CHINA PEST ANALYSIS (text:list-item} {text:list-item} {text:list-item} {text:list-item} INDIA PEST ANALYSIS Economic Factors: The GAP (Purchasing Power Parity) is estimated at 2. 965 trillion U. S. Lars in the year 2007. The GAP per capita (APP) was 2700 U. S. Dollars as estimated in 2007. The GAP real growth rate in 2007 was 8. 7%. India has the third highest GAP in terms of purchasing power parity Just ahead of Japan and behind U. We will write a custom essay sample on Bmg Case Study or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page S. And China.Foreign direct investment rose in the fiscal year ended March 31 2007 to about $16 billion from Just $5. 5 billion a year earlier. There is a continuous growth in per capita income; Indians per capita income is expected to reach 1000 dollars by the end of 2007-08 from 797 dollars in 2006-07. This will lead to higher buying power in the hands of Indian consumers. Social Factors: India is the second most populous nation in the world with an approximate population of over 1. 1 billion people. This population is divided in the following age structure: 0-14 {ears 31. %, 15-64 years -63. 1% and 65 years and above 5. 1%. Technological Factors: Internet adoption continues to grow in India as well as the telecoms market. According to the Internet Mobile Association of India (MIAMI), the low cost of broadband has helped increase Internet usage (3. 7% of the population in 2007). E-commerce and high demand for . In domain registrations are also factors or the increase in online users. Moreover sweeping reforms introduced by successive Indian governments over the last decade have dramatically changed the nature of telecommunications in the country.The mobile sector has grown more than tenfold from 2001 to around 60 million subscribers by mid-2005. Music market characteristic Brazil: Sales tax 15% / 18%; import tax 16%. 75% of the market share is made by domestic repertoire. The market is characterized by many small independent record companies. Commercial piracy is still a huge problem in South America, reaching levels above 50% in every country. India: Sales tax 4% 112. 5%; import tax 17. 3%. Size of the music industry estimate at USED 149 million. On a conservative basis, the music industry has been pegged to grow at 3% over the next five years. Ill 1990, the music industry was completely dominated by film and devotional music. With the advent of satellite television and increasing consumer exposure to non-film albums and remixes have gained popularity recently. In the non-film category devotional music produced by smaller and local companies is the most popular. The Indian music industry is quite unique compared to those in other Mounties as it is virtually dependent on new Hindi (Plywood) films for the lions diurnally no loyalty for labels among the segment that buys only film music.China: Sales tax 17%; import tax 17%. It is characterized by an undeveloped piracy-dominated physical market and a rapidly-developing wireless environment. Mobile music is already far advanced. For the international record companies operating in China, sales of music via mobile phones already accounts for about of industry revenues. There are five legitimate digital music services in China and we forecast there will be many more eating up in the next few years.In the past two years the volume of music made available online has increased more than six-fold to more than two million songs. Illegal sales of music are China is valued by IF at around IIS$400 million. Market Attractiveness Scaling Grid Relative Competitive Strength Scaling Grid C = China B = Brazil I = India Market Attractiveness/Competitive Strength Matrix Word Counter 2. 104 References http://www. Indian. Org/ http://www. If. Org/ Hellholes, S. (2007), Global Marketing 4th Edition. UK: Pearson Education Limited

Free Essays on Abortions And Its Side Effects

, an unborn child is not able to make the decision whether to live or die, to be loved or a burden. We need to think of everything before making the decision of having an abortion. My best friend had an abortion too, several months ago, and she suffered the negative consequences of it. From all of the conversations that I had with her, and the research that I have gathered from different books and articles, like â€Å"Psychological And Emotional Consequences of Elective Abortion† by Mary Zimmerman, the article from the magazine â€Å"In The Globe† issued on September ’03 with the name â€Å"Guilt over abortion is rare†, and through a lot of web pages, I became more aware of the severe side- effects of one of the most common issues in the world, especially between the adolescents- the abortion. ... Free Essays on Abortions And Its Side Effects Free Essays on Abortions And Its Side Effects What would you advise a woman who is pregnant for the fifth time†¦ Whose husband suffers from syphilis and she suffers from tuberculoses, whose oldest child was born blind†¦ Whose second child died†¦ whose third child was born deaf†¦ That she should have an abortion? You just signed the death sentence of Ludwig van Beethoven. Each year, over dozen million teenagers became pregnant and 85% are unintended. Of all the teenage women who become pregnant, 35% choose to have an abortion. In some states clinics require a legal guardian’s permission to have an abortion and in some don’t. While writing about the legal abortions, according to the United Nation’s Demographic Yearbook, the country with the biggest amount of abortions per year is Russia, with over 2, 7 million in the year of 2002! Greece, is in 18th place according to these statistics, with â€Å"only† 10 568 in the same year. To summarize from all of the numbers mentioned above, 87% of all women who have had an abortion, have suffered its negative consequences. In the dictionary, the word abortion means, â€Å"a premature birth occurring before the fetus can survive’. In other words, an unborn child is not able to make the decision whether to live or die, to be loved or a burden. We need to think of everything befor e making the decision of having an abortion. My best friend had an abortion too, several months ago, and she suffered the negative consequences of it. From all of the conversations that I had with her, and the research that I have gathered from different books and articles, like â€Å"Psychological And Emotional Consequences of Elective Abortion† by Mary Zimmerman, the article from the magazine â€Å"In The Globe† issued on September ’03 with the name â€Å"Guilt over abortion is rare†, and through a lot of web pages, I became more aware of the severe side- effects of one of the most common issues in the world, especially between the adolescents- the abortion. ...

Gay marriage Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Gay marriage - Research Paper Example Thus, in this paper, the pros and cons of gay marriage will be investigated for this writer to show that there are more reasons for individuals, organizations, institutions and lawmakers to thwart the implementation of gay marriages. Gay marriage proponents argue that legal principles of nondiscrimination and equal treatment should be given to gays and lesbians (Masci). There have been so many groups that fought for their rights during the past decades such as feminists. This is perhaps the reason why gays found the courage to also gather their strengths together to fight for their rights. This argument seems to be the main reason which branches out to other discourses used by gays to really get what they want because of the growing recognition of individual rights. Females have been given equal chances to be employed in an often male-centered jobs as well as run for offices in the government. Blacks are now given equal rights to employment and recognition in a white World, too. Foll owing their steps, gays are seeking for such equal rights including to marry and to enjoy the benefits every married couple get. Gays argue that there are many of them who stay together for years but do not enjoy the same benefits of the common male-female couples because they are not allowed to marry. They cry for equality. They believe that they have the right to pursue happiness not only professionally and financially but including having healthy relationships that help them become better citizens. Not allowing them to marry, they claim, is a deprivation of their basic rights therefore they seek to enjoy the rights every other citizen has. On the other hand, conservatives disagree with the demands of equal marriages for the very reason that marriage is not supposed to be between same sexes. Rather, it has been culturally observed for centuries that marriages are between males and females only. Marriage is believed to be purposefully for building a family, meaning; couples tie the knot and commit to each other to build a strong family as they are given children. However, gay advocates argue that they can also build a family together with the help of the law or science. First and foremost, they can always adopt children whom they can consider and raise as their own. Secondly, couples can now bear their own children with the help of technological advancements as in the case of Thomas Beatie who shocked the world with his pregnancy in 2008 (Dagnell). Although technically, Beatie is a woman who had a sex transplant and married a woman, she or rather he got pregnant with the help of science. This example encourages same sex couples to fight for their rights because technology is making things possible for them. When it comes to the ability to raise children in a normal environment, most gay couples claim that they are as able as the commonly recognized couples are. When religious views step in, gays have often been silenced in the past years but now, they conside r religions as old-fashioned and thus challenge them to be open-minded and accept the effects of modernization. They argue that there is no such thing as traditional marriage. More and more politicians are getting sympathetic to gay grievances and therefore recognize them and listen to them, fortifying

Opportunities and Challenges for Businesses With Globalization Essay

Opportunities and Challenges for Businesses With Globalization - Essay Example Global manufacturing outsourcing has been increasing for several years; it already has been adopted in the apparel, electronics, and automobile industries. The economic benefits have been quantified extensively; and, although sometimes challenged, the financial initial analysis is compelling given the less expensive skilled and unskilled labour costs in countries like China, India, Mexico, and Eastern Europe versus the U.S. If we take Information Technology, it has also gone global. For instance, when it was developing the highly successful iPod, Apple Computer worked with up to 10 firms and independent contractors around the world to find the right ideas and components. Even during the product design and customer requirement definition phases, it used two countries: Japan and the U.S.(5) From the above it can be seen that the globalization helps the organizations to expand its manufacturing and production all over the world, to find out a new business horizon. But these organization s, in fact, face many challenges in their business affairs. Apart from continuous and drastic cost reduction or constant innovation, to effectively tackle these pressures and constraints, and to profit from the opportunities created by globalization, the following implementations/improvements may be helpful. The organizations need to develop new business strategies which combine innovation, research and technology, a highly skilled workforce and their overall operational effectiveness in ways which competitors find hard to copy.

Revision of Responding to Pop Culture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Revision of Responding to Pop Culture - Essay Example Perhaps this twist in â€Å"Chuck† made the TV series a standout from the other series of similar genre because it reached Season 5 which is quite unusual for a spy genre. There is nothing heavy in its dialogue which an average Joe will not understand which explains why the Chuck flick became a hit with the general audience. Agent Walker, Chuck’s love interest also kept the audience glued to their screen as their romance unfolds in the secretive world of espionage. Just do not delve too much on how logical the circumstances of the Chuck series are because you will just be disappointed. The main entertainment factor of this flick is not the soundness of its logic just like CSI series. Chuck only intends to amuse its audience so it did put much emphasis on the logical sequencing of the film. Given this, do not wonder how could have it been possible to build a CIA headquarter beneath Nerd Herd without being notice because it is one of the givens that the film does not intend to explain. This disconnect however does not seem to be an issue with the audience evident with its high ratings and subsequent episodes. The flick only intends to entertain by bringing down the spy culture to the understanding of the masses. It appeals to our subliminal desires of living an action packed and adventurous life such that of a spy by removing the idea that this job is unattainable given the requirements imposed by other spy genre. In Chuck’s world, as long as you are in the right place and in the right time, you could be the â€Å"Intersect† who is the most valuable asset in the espionage world with a bonus of having girl that is way out of your league. If this TV series will be translated into a game just like other spy films, â€Å"Chuck† will prove to be interesting as those secrets imbedded in his brain can provide a wide assortment of possibilities of what the character can do in a lot of

Germany Competitiveness The Porters Diamond Context Economics Essay

Germany Competitiveness The Porters Diamond Context Economics Essay Context for firm strategy and rivalry: Germany can be considered center of Europe both for its geographic and political position. This gives to Germany the possibility to lead the European market and to manage a relevant diversification of its internal economy; it means to create a hugely competitive business environment for German companies. The efficiency rate in German large and small companies is higher than international standards due to the great amount of off shoring and outsourcing practices so that it makes this economy the most competitive in Europe. Throughout last years, German small and medium enterprisers performed better than the large ones, overtaking even the US competitive standards, as shown by the Work Competitiveness Yearbook 2010. Those small enterprisers are the so called hidden champions because they are little known to the public even if they are world market leaders. In contrast to the practice of the other European countries to develop economies related on large state-owned industrial champions, Germany could be considered such as a private driven economy in which the small and medium enterprises are playing the most important role in boosting investments and employment rate. They also make the success of German export with the 80% of the production sold abroad; the Machinery and Equipment Cluster, for instance, holds almost 20% of world export market share. These companies successfully compete on innovation processes and on improving efficiency, getting a great benefit from both the excellent European and German intellectual property protection. According to the World Economic Forum (WEF), Germany represents one of the worlds best location in planning and operating security and it is one of the leading Nations in the field of propriety rights protection and contracts protection. This excellence let Germany to grant over 12,500 patents at the EU Patent Office only in 2010 and to be the European leader in triadic patents, registered in the three most important worlds patent offices: the European Patent Office, the United States Patent and Trademark Office, and the Japan Patent Office. The German legal system itself can be considered one of the most efficient and independent of the entire world. Moreover, the social and political stability of the country and the Germans culture based on the total respect of the laws principles make this country a greatly attractive places for corporate investments projects even for foreign firms in almost all the industries. In addition to the high quality of the legal organization, Germany has developed a very internationally competitive taxation system: in 2008 an ambitious reform was made in order to decrease the corporate tax burden by around the 25% and the corporate income tax down to 15% on all corporate taxable earnings. Eventually, Germany has developed a unique corporate governance system that makes possible a virtuous match between workers and employers in order to avoid time-consuming and value-destroying disputes: it becomes a key success factor to rise up during recession periods. As a matter of fact, core decisions are taken through Job Alliances that enable flex-security on job market in order to keep companies competitive while maintaining job positions. Great importance is given to the role of federal government which gives big support to this system promoting grants and self-regulation policies. Factor conditions: Germany benefits from a huge number of natural resources such as building materials, natural gas, wood and other strategic natural elements. Its wide land gives to the country a lot of space that can be exploited focusing on clean energy production. Moreover, the climate represents an important factor in producing energy with the key role played by the wind that constantly flows in the northern part of the country. The prevalence of lowlands in northern regions makes Germans able to take the most possible advantage of the wind, becoming part of the Northern Power Cluster for wind energy production. The pretty big population of Germany can be considered little diversified in culture and tradition with a big prevalence of German native speakers over the other cultures ( almost 91% of the entire population, as the CIA World Factbook points out ). The German position on human capital point of view is strongly influenced by the unique education system that represent a best practice in all over the world. This is focused on the importance given to the professional training in order to provide people, since earlier age, with a set of skills useful to join the job market. Parallel to the professional-oriented approach there is also a very good and selective university system for the large number of young people that decide to longer dedicate themselves to study activities: mechanical engineering, with more than 400,000 matriculate students, ranks second in the top 20 of the most in-demand study programs and provides the highest skilled workers for the main sectors of the country such as automotive, machinery, electrical and electronic. This dual track allows enterprises to reduce dramatically the labor costs in term of training programs and young people to enter in the job market already with a high productivity rate. Germany can be considered extremely attractive as a location for investments due to high productivity rates and stable wages. In addition, in recent years the overall labor cost has been the lowest in Europe with an annual increase rate of less than 2%; this job market context contributes to enhance strong competitive business relations. Unskilled workers represent almost the 20% on the total workforce; this evidence reflects the attention paid to education and emphasizes the companies ability to attract skilled workforce from other countries. Germany Important concerns from governments point of view remain the unemployment rate (at the 6% in 2011, as said in CIA World Factbook) and the pretty low participation in work force, compared with countries such as US, UK or Japan. In addition, Germany is one of the worlds leaders in RD investments, both in terms of budget and percentage of GDP, reaching the 2.8% and overlapping the EU average of 2.1%. The high regard to investments is coming both from the public and the private sector and the great number of PPPs (Private and Public Partnership) is playing a key role in German competitiveness and in planned development. The high level of RD investments impacts positively on the dynamicity of German economy: over 27% of the manufacturing turnover is generated from innovative products. Eventually, Germany derives its economic power also from its important and well organized grid of transportation infrastructures: the 2009-2010 Global Competitiveness Report of the WEF ranked Germany at the first position in terms of infrastructures. The rail system, which connects the country with all the neighbors by high speed rail, is gaining more efficiency thanks to the open access to the market given to privates that make the sector much more competitive than the state monopoly. This makes Germany the 6th position for railways infrastructure in comparison with the other states of the world (CIA World Factbook ). Water ways and harbors are extremely well developed too and the airports system is ranked 13th in the CIAs comparison between countries as stated in the CIA World Factbook. By the way, governments biggest challenge is to continue to increase the already large flow of foreign direct investments and to improve, as much as possible, the venture capital system by the adoption of specific policies. Today, German legal framework makes no distinction between national and foreign investments promoting principles such as freedom in trade and payments and the reduction of barriers. Moreover, there are special treatments and opportunities for young entrepreneurs and start-ups: on one hand, special conferences and events like the German Equity Forum, and, on the other one, proposals of venture capital partnerships through development banks and the German Private Equity and Venture Capital Association. Further financial assistance is given at regional, national and European level through a wide number of instruments: cash incentives, interest reduced loans, public guarantees, labor-related incentives and RD grants. Demand conditions: Domestic demand is therefore becoming a more significant driver of Germanys economic expansion (from   CIA World Factbook). Due to the Euro financial crisis the export rate to EU cover the loss in term of exports. In this perspective, a key role is played by the government in boosting investments and supporting internal demand: there are available some governments loans made up for enterprises in order to enable them to borrow new capital at a lower interest rates and, in turn, be able to offer lower prices to the consumers market. A great influence on the demand is played by the high level of quality and environmental standards that characterize German regulation. Germany has a virtuous regulation history, starting with the Deutsches Institut fà ¼r Normung (DIN) during the 20s until today: a huge number of innovations has been introduced in this field such as self-regulation processes related to the new public governance system. German standards and their regulation are also much influenced by EU, which is trying to homogenize the regulation of the Common Market and to stimulate cleaner manufacture and energy production (EU 20/20/20 Program): this affects Germans big industrial sectors such as machinery, chemical and power clusters. This context originates a more complex supply and demand structure which express the need to assess the high level of constraints due to the global environmental challenges. Related and supporting industries: the important number of local suppliers are strongly supported by the efficient system of German scientific infrastructures set up both at the federal and local level . Germany has various types of research locations such as universities, laboratories, non-university institutes, companies and Federal as well as Là ¤nder institutions. Moreover, the German Federation of Industrial Research Associations (AiF) is a great example of how German companies themselves cooperate to research and innovation activity contributing directly to the country competitiveness. The AIF mostly contributes to the technology transfer process and research activity in the growing market of renewable energies such as solar and wind power. Germany is home to several research infrastructures with global significance in physics, earth science, climate research or the humanities. Examples of research infrastructures are: Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY) and the German Cli mate Computing Centre (DKRZ). In addition, Germany has a greatly developed Machinery and Equipment industry which provides the supply of power transmission engineering, material and air-handling technology and machine tools. This is the most innovative sector within the country and heavily influence German economy supporting all the other strategic sectors such as chemical, electronic, automotive and renewable energy, providing the sub-components needed for production processes. Da inserire nel diamante sul cluster: GREEN ECONOMY, INVESTMENTSà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦(clean power) Germany is the world leader in green technologies Æ’Â   leader in sustainable industries (wind energy, photovoltaic, bioenergy industry, Electricity (demand, import, exports, quanto produce il solare, il vento..) WIND ENERGY: p.6 PORTERS FORCES (Porters book) Role of Government: Public demand, self-regulation, promoting networks and clusters. Public RD support and PPP P.11 and others (ig. Website) Role of Federal Government in green energy P.5

Personal Narrative: Football Underdogs to Champions Essay -- essays re

Football Underdogs to Champions I had tried out for the High School football team but unfortunately was cut. I worked hard over the summer and even passed on the family vacation to North Carolina to attend football conditioning at the school. Even with all of my effort put towards running and weightlifting I was still cut. That however did not stop me from playing the sport I love. I had heard of a local pigskin football league that allowed any teen my age to play. I immediately conversed with my parents and received their permission to sign up. When I first went to get my equipment I met my first coach. Coach Andy was a larger gentleman with a muscular frame. He had a bald head and slightly crooked teeth. He seemed very friendly when I met him and found out he had played football during his high school and college career. I also met the president of the pigskin league Mr. Kemp. He was fitting other players for their shoulder pads and helmets. While I was getting fitted he noted that I was a larger player and asked why I had not played high school football. I took the comment as a compliment and explained the story to him. I had also found out that my team would be the Cowboys. Through various conversations at the fitting, I found out that the Cowboys was the team in which late arrivals and new players were assigned. The Cowboys were considered the â€Å"misfit† team that had been thought of as the worst team in the league. That very night from receiving my gear I had an idea. I knew that my friend Brian Alvey enjoyed football as much as I did. He had also tried out for the high school football team and had been cut the year before. I proposed the idea of him playing football on the same team with me in the p... ...ud of me and we continued to pummel the Redskins. Our defensive line would not allow them to score at all. On one occurrence, the Redskins made it to our end zone and had fumbled the ball. I quickly jumped on the ball and prevented them from scoring. We had come back and won with a blowout game. With the game sounding whistle came roars of cheers from the sidelines, bleachers, and the team. We had won the Turkey Bowl Championship. The underdog team of misfits and late arrivals had come together and won. Winning the Turkey Bowl was one of the most memorable experiences in my life. My team had come together and through hard work and effort won the championship. To this very day, I proudly display the large Turkey Bowl Championship trophy in my room. Every time I look at the trophy it reminds me of how a group of misfits came together and won as a team.

Advantages and Disadvantages of Space Programme

BOB Space programme plays an important role in our life because it helps human know the world clearly. There are increasing number of money spent on space programmer in United States and Russia, which has had a significant impact all over the world. Although there are some advantages like contributing to economy growth and providing chance to search new planet for human to live, there are several disadvantages need to be considered like wasting non-renewable resources and including unforeseen risks.Developing space programme has many advantages. First and foremost, developing space programme promotes the development of economy by creating job opportunities. Jewell. R(2011) said that â€Å"Aerospace-related industries employed millions of worker and supported a great number of profitable companies. Many experts believe that space tourism and development of space could result in an economic boom† Thus, the development of space programme helps the economy growth.Secondly, develop ing space programme provides the opportunity to search new planet for human to live. with the rapid development of industry, the natural resources are becoming rare in the earth and the earth is deeply polluted by human beings. For this situation, it seems obviously important for human to find a new planet to live in. Therefore developing space programme is a long-term consideration for human beings. On the other hand, there are some disadvantages in developing space programme.Firstly, developing space programme waste a lot of non-renewable resources. Every year millions of tons of coals were consumed by aerospace industry, which means a mass of waste gas, like carbon dioxide, discharged into air annually, resulting a series of environment problems such as ozone hole and acid rain directly. Consequently, spending vast amount of money in space programme is completely bad for the environment. Furthermore, there is always full of unforeseen risks with space exploration. Lichtenstein D. 2011) said that â€Å"The space shuttle Challenger exploded during launch in 1986, killing seven astronauts, and the shuttle Colombia exploded during re-entry in 2003, also killing seven† human’s life is valuable because everyone only lives once, which is not only precious for themselves, but also for their relatives. Thus, the development of space programme could threaten human’s life. To sum up, developing space programme has many advantages like promoting the development of economy and exploring new planet for human to live. However, there are some disadvantages like wasting non-renewable resources and filling with unforeseen risks.The decision to develop Space programmer not only affects human beings now, but also has an impact on their future life. Therefore, people should still develop Space programmer so that their can know more about the world. Reference Jewell. R(2011) â€Å"Positive Effects of Space Exploration† Retrieved 17/03/2013 from http:/ /www. ehow. com/info_839090880_positive-effects-space-exploration. html Lichtenstein D. (2011) â€Å"Bad Things About Space Exploration† Retrieved 17/03/2013 from http://www. ehow. com/info_8523069_bad-things-space-exploration. html

In Between the Lines Professor Ramos Blog

In Between the Lines Lilia D. Merino Morales AmericanLiteratureII    20 May 2019 Being American now comes with more diversity. A person can be African American, Asian American, or Mexican American, the list goes on and on. Because of the physical or cultural difference that these other Americans have that the Angelo American does not have they face discrimination. Encountering this discrimination for a long time, people begin to rise against the discrimination that does not allow them to get jobs, get equal pay, equal benefits as the Angelo American. A group in particular who fought to create their own identity is the Mexican Americans. Mexican Americans had a difficult fight because they were always getting lost between being considered white with the Angelo Americans or being called colored like the African Americans. In the article â€Å"The Civil Rights Act and the transformation of Mexican American Identity and Politics† Nancy MacLean talks about how Mexican Americans had to fight to establish their identity by not allowing themselves to be assimilate d into the Angelo American category and protesting against the inequality as Mexican Americans not just people of color. Gloria Anzaldua describes some of what Mexican Americans had to go through in her essay â€Å"How to Tame a Wild Tongue†. In the article â€Å"The Civil Rights Act and the Transformation of Mexican American Identity and Politics† by Nancy MacLean, she explains the events that began the Mexican American search for identity and political stance. With the 1848 Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo Mexican Americans began to identify as white, this allowing them to avoid some of the discrimination. Then with The Civil Rights Act of 1964 the Mexican Americans were able to start identify as their own person because the act outlawed discrimination. They began to join the African American people in their search for equal rights but by the 1960’s the Mexican Americas and African Americans were apart again declaring their rights for their races alone. Mexican Americans believed they needed to fight for their rights alone in order to create their own identity. Mexican Americans fought and continue to fight by protesting against the discrimination they have to deal with day by day in order to someday receive th e equal treatment they deserve. Mexican Americans felt they needed to categorize themselves as white because of the switch of lands it was forced upon them and the awful treatment they saw African Americans were facing. In 1848 the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo was enacted and Nancy MacLean states, â€Å"made Mexicans in U.S. territory â€Å"white† by recognizing them as citizens at a time when the naturalization law made whiteness a perquisite of citizenship† (MacLean 124). At first Mexican Americans took advantage of this in order to avoid the same treatment that the African Americans received but this meant they had to confided to an identity that wasn’t their own. Gloria Anzaldua speaks of encounters where she gets told, â€Å"‘If you want to be American, speak ‘American.’ If you don’t like it, go back to Mexico where you belong’† (Anzaldua 1521). Anzaldua and many other Mexican Americans were told that in order to be American they could not have the ac cent they had when speaking English. This was one of the ways that the Angelo Americans were trying to assimilate the Mexican Americans. But the Mexican Americans began to rebel against the assimilation and discrimination that came with it. When it came to fighting for their rights Mexican Americans decided to join the African Americans in the fight for equality but then realized they weren’t making much progress for themselves. In the article by Nancy MacLean she describes the conflict between the two groups being that the Mexican Americans would not support the African Americans as they â€Å"voted against the call for solidarity, which they viewed as a distraction from ‘our own problems’† (MacLean 126). The Mexican Americans wanted to make an image by themselves for themselves so that they would not be put into a category and have their problems be considered solved. In her writing Gloria Anzaldua explains that both African and Mexican Americans â€Å"suffer economically for not acculturating† (Anzaldua 1529). The African and Mexican Americans were always being set in the same group because they were both being discriminated against but their problems were not the same. Both groups a re different people from different countries and by being set into a single group as ‘colored’ it was causing a further divide amongst them by treating their issues as the same for both groups. Mexican Americans had their own fight for their rights just as the African Americans. Part of their fight was establishing that their identity is not white or black but brown. Through difficult times the Mexican Americans made sure that they kept their culture. Nancy MacLean recounts the history in â€Å"The Civil Rights Act and the transformation of Mexican American Identity and Politics† while Gloria Anzaldua illustrates personally what discrimination a Mexican American had to encounter in her essay â€Å"How to Tame a Wild Tongue†. Because of the color of their skin Mexican Americans were being set into the class of African Americans but because they were living on American soil during the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo they were considered Angelo Americans and being taught to act like it but they found that they did not fit in either state. They discovered they were in between these two lines being set by society and by the government and created a new name and identit y for themselves, the brown people of America.   Anzaldua, Gloria. â€Å"How to Tame a Wild Tongue.†The Norton Anthology of American  Literature, edited by Nina Baym and Robert S. Levine, 8th ed., vol. 2, W.W. Norton   Company, 2013, pp. 1521–1529. MacLean, Nancy. â€Å"The Civil Rights Act and the Transformation of Mexican American Identityand Politics.†Berkeley La Raza Law Journal, vol. 18, no. 1, Spring 2007, pp. 123–134.EBSCOhost,search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=truedb=a9hAN=36094372site=ehost-live.

Free Essays on Is Gimpel Really A Fool

When reading through â€Å"Gimpel the Fool†, the reader asks who the fools really are? Throughout this paper I will use the psychological approach. I will use this to show that Gimpel’s character grows more into a successful person rather than a fool as everyone knows him to be. â€Å"Gimpel The Fool† is a story written by Isaac Bashevis Singer. This story is about a simple man named Gimpel. He is measured by many to be a fool because he is naive and easily taking advantage of; constantly falling for tricks layed out by the townspeople. Gimpel is also easily persuaded by the townspeople; they end up persuading him into marrying Elka, who is known as a whore. The author’s point of view is what he is trying to get across to the readers. In this story, Singer is showing that good triumphs over evil. The author shows Gimpel’s good side, by showing how caring and kind he is to people no matter what way he is treated by them. Gimpel just believes if he goes with the flow of things it would be a lot easier than dealing with the townspeople. â€Å"However, I resolved that I would always believe what I was told. What’s the good of not believing? Today it’s your wife you don’t believe; tomorrow it’s God Himself you won’t take stock in† (305). Gimpel says this after his wife gave birth to their second child, during that time he had not seen her for nine months. The author shows us what is inside of Gimpel by having him be the narrator. He gives us an in-depth look inside the character’s personality. Gimpel states, â€Å"I was no weakling. If I slapped someone he’d see all the way to Cracow† (301). The author is showing here that Gimpel does not have to give into the townspeople, he just chooses to. Throughout this story the author shows irony through the townspeople and Elka. Everything that Gimpel will do is shown as being wrong. When he is right they belittle him and talk to him as if he were wrong, Gimpel would say â€Å"A... Free Essays on Is Gimpel Really A Fool Free Essays on Is Gimpel Really A Fool When reading through â€Å"Gimpel the Fool†, the reader asks who the fools really are? Throughout this paper I will use the psychological approach. I will use this to show that Gimpel’s character grows more into a successful person rather than a fool as everyone knows him to be. â€Å"Gimpel The Fool† is a story written by Isaac Bashevis Singer. This story is about a simple man named Gimpel. He is measured by many to be a fool because he is naive and easily taking advantage of; constantly falling for tricks layed out by the townspeople. Gimpel is also easily persuaded by the townspeople; they end up persuading him into marrying Elka, who is known as a whore. The author’s point of view is what he is trying to get across to the readers. In this story, Singer is showing that good triumphs over evil. The author shows Gimpel’s good side, by showing how caring and kind he is to people no matter what way he is treated by them. Gimpel just believes if he goes with the flow of things it would be a lot easier than dealing with the townspeople. â€Å"However, I resolved that I would always believe what I was told. What’s the good of not believing? Today it’s your wife you don’t believe; tomorrow it’s God Himself you won’t take stock in† (305). Gimpel says this after his wife gave birth to their second child, during that time he had not seen her for nine months. The author shows us what is inside of Gimpel by having him be the narrator. He gives us an in-depth look inside the character’s personality. Gimpel states, â€Å"I was no weakling. If I slapped someone he’d see all the way to Cracow† (301). The author is showing here that Gimpel does not have to give into the townspeople, he just chooses to. Throughout this story the author shows irony through the townspeople and Elka. Everything that Gimpel will do is shown as being wrong. When he is right they belittle him and talk to him as if he were wrong, Gimpel would say â€Å"A...

Project Plan for an Online Music Store Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Project Plan for an Online Music Store - Essay Example After the site is done, the clients will be able to purchase music gear like headphones and ipods, music magazines like Billboard magazine and Rolling stones magazine, as well as music compact discs and digital music. The site will also provide the facilitation of cart system of purchase, where the client can purchase the products directly, add them to the purchase cart, and then pay fro them online via credit cards and other arrangements. 2. Project Overview 2.1 Scope This online store will enable clients and other users to purchase digital music of their choice from a wide catalogue. It will also make them able to purchase compact discs, vintage vinyl, music instruments, music players, musical headgear, music and music related magazines and other music paraphernalia that may be related to these products like long life power batteries for music players. The online store will also feature a jam room where the sites clients will be offered music at dates, which are pre-decided. The on line site will thus have a jam room booking option where the clients and other users can hand in their details, for processing and thus book the jam room beforehand. Via adding products to cart, the clients can also purchase products online and then pay for them later online. 2.2 Details and Requirements Ear Lickers online music store aims to be a leading band in the buying of music and music related paraphernalia on the internet. To do this, the site, will have to be user friendly, efficient, and reliable (Reid, 2009 p56). For this to be values to be instituted, the online site will have these features: A log in section, which is aimed at enabling users to create accounts n the website and... This paper seeks to provide an outline of a project plan aimed at starting an online store for the sale of music. This project plans main purpose is to define tentatively the different iterations and phases for the lifecycle of the project. This plan could act as a guide for software development processes too. For software development, the professionals who could use this project plan include team leaders who would utilize it for planning sharing of resources and management of time. This project’s main objective is for the development of an online store, which is mainly aimed at live clients, and will be called Ear lickers music store. After the site is done, the clients will be able to purchase music gear like headphones and ipods, music magazines like Billboard magazine and Rolling stones magazine, as well as music compact discs and digital music. The site will also provide the facilitation of cart system of purchase, where the client can purchase the products directly, add them to the purchase cart, and then pay fro them online via credit cards and other arrangements. Since online music stores are a relatively new venture, it was important to come up first with a project plan before the actual setting up of the project. This helps in the systematic implementation of the project and its completion on schedule and within budget. The various members of the team are required to be aware of their specific tasks in order for them to be efficient and conclude their duties on time.

Education and Testing Standards Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Education and Testing Standards - Essay Example "Under No Child Left Behind, states are required to include annual assessments in reading/language arts and mathematics in grades 3 through 8 along with and at least once in grades 10 through 12. Additionally, all states are to begin annual assessment of their students in science at least once in each grade band 3-5, 6-9, and 10-12 (NCLB: Standards and Assessments, 2009). This paper deals with NCLB in the State of Texas. There isn't any significant difference in the NCLB for Texas when compared to the one in any other state. Nonetheless NCLB in Texas is unique to education in this state (Adopted Amendments to 19 TAC). The achievement standards have been set by time-bound plans that require the level of students' performance to rise within a set period after analyzing and improving the quality of teachers and the educational system which rewards schools that meet their targets and has consequences for schools that fail to meet the standards (Mitzel, Howard C; 2005). Simultaneously, the need to involve parents and also society in raising the achievement standards of the student are mentioned. Efforts are also being made to make the curriculum suitable for the students' grasp although no examples were outlined to show just how students could improve on the basis of the new curriculum. The curriculum consists... The credits for each discipline are provided (Adopted Amendments to 19 TAC). The methods of raising achievement levels are left to "extending existing achievement standards" and that "instruction will need to improve for students to meet future standards" (Mitzel, Howard C; 2005, p4). Teachers' Standards The achievement standards outlined for NCLB are tough considering that even teachers have to be updated on their skills in order to be equal to their tasks. The important aspect of making the right beginning is present in the NCLB and the state educational boards have been making the right moves by interacting with teachers and getting their skills updated and also keeping teachers under scrutiny to gauge their interaction with the students (Summary Description of California Housse). At one inspection it was found that "approximately one-third, or almost 5,000 of all school districts in considered rural. As Department officials have traveled the country listening to teachers and state and district officials, they frequently have heard that the highly qualified teacher provisions of the No Child Left Behind law don't adequately accommodate the special challenges faced by teachers in small, rural districts. Often, the teachers in these areas are required to teach more than one academic subject. This new flexibility is designed to recognize this challenge and provide additional time for these teachers to prove that they are highly qualified" (New No Child Left Behind Flexibility: Highly Qualified Teachers, 2004). National Standards For a nation with fifty states, it is difficult to pursue a uniform policy without coming across situations where different states see issues in a different way. Nonetheless, since NCLF has flexible measurements the states have been given

Water Use Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Water Use - Essay Example In this paper, the physical planning arrangements for traditional use of water in the world will be discussed so that new ideas can emerge in order to show improvement. Water generally gets to our homes in one of two ways. Either it is delivered by a city/county water department (or maybe from a private company), or people supply their own water, normally from a well. Water delivered to homes is called "public supplied" and water that people supply themselves is called "self supplied." People who supply their own water almost always use ground. The vast majority of America's population gets their water delivered from a public-supply system. This makes sense, as America's population now largely live in urban centers" (Domestic water use). Therefore, by having physical planning arrangements for water usage could mean economic development will help rural areas to be stronger, which contributes to their survival.With physical planning for use of water, it is very important to have cluste ring in the early stages of development because it helps with survival strategies. From there, this cannot happen until social capital is involved because it will drawn in clustered enterprises.For 2000, withdrawals were an estimated 3,720 Mgal/d or 4,170 thousand acre-feet per year. Self-supplied domestic withdrawals were about 1 percent of total freshwater withdrawals and about 2 percent of total freshwater withdrawals for all categories excluding thermoelectric power.... In order to overcome the issues, we need to consider group thinking and conformity so that everyone can work together. Working on a team can be very rewarding and exciting, but also frustrating if some of the team member are not committed to the team. Building a high performance team requires time, collaboration and most importantly communication. According to Katzenbach and Smith (2004), a team is described as a small number of people with complementary skills who are committed to a common purpose and approach for which they hold themselves mutually accountable. Group thinking and conformity focuses on the interpersonal transaction between managers and employee. Leaders are seen as engaging in behaviors that maintain a quality interaction between themselves and followers. The company is lacking group thinking and conformity because no one is willing to work together. In order to be an effective company, they have to conform as one so that productivity can be increased to make high p rofits. This effective form of communication and teamwork allowed people in the park with no problems because the team was organized and knew the proper procedure. A successful team also requires active listening, empathy, and being truly committed. With the approach of marketing rural areas, where consumers have the time to pay attention to details and want a small cozy shop, marketers can benefit from it due to the fact it will be in more customers because it adds to convenience, which is what everybody wants. From that, they will make the past relationships with customers stronger since they will feel like they can rely on the company for future development. This will cause the industry to make more long term profits, which is a great benefit. 3. Conclusion

Kushites Essay Example for Free

Kushites Essay Although most would say that the victor of any war has the upper hand in presenting themselves to a particular place in history, current beliefs paint a much cleaner, more accurate, and truer understanding of events that have led society changes and modern ways of life. This may be the case for centuries past and with the advancement of understanding past events, such as anthropology findings, the use of science in laboratories and field research, has brought about a much different, much more modern, approach in viewing and researching the past cultures, military strategies, and even laws,  Victors in war do not paint a picture of events, but instead, paint a picture of themselves through military strategies, economic advancement, and authority changes. Military Reasons Using the Kushites as an example, the main reason they had a military and moved to other regions was not just political but religious as well. They began their war-like tactics because they wanted to create distance between themselves, meaning the monarchs, and the priests at Napata, along with moving to a more geologically safe area, meaning a place on the globe that would allow them to better defend themselves. The Kushites did a great deal of militarily strategic moves in order to create a more sound and prosperous kingdom. One such move was the capital of Napata to the new capital of Meroe. This move was believed , by historians, to be one of response to an earlier invasion by Egypt. This move was purely military, at this point, since further invasion was possible, due to the lack of cover in the former capital, yet conflict within the culture was also taking place. The dependence on religious leaders was not keeping the monarchs safe from harm, nor was this dependence prosperous for the cultures economy. Each culture, whether that culture is in the world today or not, has the sole, or central, belief, or need, for self preservation. Without a military, a culture would be assimilated into another and lost forever. These ideas are not new by any means, and on the surface seem, common knowledge, but the complexities behind each cultures militarily strategic moves being forwarded, is fueled by the need for preserving a particular culture. Its the ways, or military strategies, that are used to do so that are of such interest to us today. From a military point, at least in the case of the Kushites, the need to move the culture forward, in a protected manner, is the main, or underlining reason, for strategies to be put in place, and not so much for the need to write themselves into or out of history, but more for the need to be a part of history by preserving their culture and moving forward. It is important to state that the military involvement in the future preservation of the culture in which it fights for, is viewed, at least in the book for this class, as one way to see the need for military action, and the conclusions of that act are left up to the individual to interpret. Though its true that most believe, and stand by, the idea that history is written from the victors point of view, the true view of what approach history is written from is really the belief of those who study history and those who read it. To say that historians only see the view of any culture as a victory or a defeat, is only prominent in military strategies, since on the battle field one must lose and one must win, and does not paint the picture of the culture behind the strategic decisions, and does not truly matter in the form of fairness, until that history is read and understood by others, who, in turn, decide which way it will be presented to those who study history, either for a class or as a past time, does the question of fairness come into play. For the Kushites, history tells their story, but only because they have a military story that gives the reader access to the understanding of what they were about as a culture. Economic Advancement The Romans, as an example of the possible economic advancement of a government type, conquered land after land, and, from a historical point of view, did not really thrive economically. Romans, under the early rule of the Etruscans, were Manor owners and merchants that did not engage in a global type economy either in their time or, comparatively, in ours. The largest industry, outside of agriculture for the Romans, was that of mining. The mines were the source for stones, for the buildings, iron for weapons, and slaves, for the purpose of mining. Once an area of land was conquered, some of the people were used as slaves in the mines, and most, if not all, died there, thus making slave trade an important economy for the Romans. Outside appearance of the Roman empire looks as though it was a safe and happy environment to be a part of, but the Plebeians knew better. Brutality was the center of entertainment in the centuries of 1 B. C. and 1 B. C. E. for the Romans in which gladiator and slave alike were the center of the show. As the Roman empire expanded, they use of slaves became a great commodity to them, as did the mining that created the empire, coins, weapons, and, eventually ships, only to continue to feed the need of outside sources for economic wealth, and not so much on the agriculture of the people of Rome. This idea of conquer and use to support our homeland, is what the Romans did in their time, yet, as historians would argue, it was much more complex than that, and they would be right, but this can be viewed as as both a victory and a defeat in the arena of economic advancement. The dependence of outside sources, as we now know with our own countrys dependence on oil can tell us, can have a detrimental effect on a countrys economy. Dependence is a road to failure, but not right away, this can take centuries to happen. As economic advancement is not, necessarily the way a ruling party would view themselves, it does become the history of those areas effected by the conquerers, such as the popularity of coins from Rome in India or shipping goods by water instead of land. In economic advancement, Romans were writing themselves into the history books of other cultures without, directly, writing history themselves. Confrontations Confrontations will happen and have happened in our past, and historians have written one account after another of such exercises. Confrontations occurred at the religious level of most civilizations both past a near present. As did the Kushites fight to free themselves from the rule of their priests, as the Romans fought against and then for the catholic church, and as the people of India fought to keep their beliefs intact, religion is just as much, if not more so, the center of reason for combat between to rulers and/or territories. The Romans were the first to allow those in which they conquered to keep their own religious beliefs, so long as they payed Caesar what is owed to him. In the time of A. D 13, Caesar Constantine of Rome became the first Emperor to submit to the catholic church, thus, giving greater power to the church than they had exercised before. Under this ruling, the church now became the center of worship and conflicts began, continued, were fought for by Kings and those who did not submit to the church, found themselves either on the road to death or a signed confession of loss of path. It is here were the victors write their own history and where we read that account. We rarely hear of those who were conquered as treated well and prosperous under the rule of another or new center of authority. Those who fell under the law of the church and defied that law, found themselves wiping out their own bloodlines in the name of God. These people have a short written line in history as nothing more than those who tried to rise up against them and fell. Spartans would take prisoners from war, and use them as slaves. They became known as the Helots and no longer had their own culture but renamed within a new one. Assimilation occurred, and does occur, with conflict. Their can only be one winner and one loser, and one will change the other, as is the case of the Romans, the Spartans, and the Kushites. These three cultures ruled at one time and are forever remembered for the deeds in which they commenced with on the battle field. There are many reasons to go to war, some are noble and some are not. Still, historians only report what took place in past events, its up to the reader or student to decide whether or not it is written from the victors point of view or from the conquered point of view. History is taught from the victors point of view, as it is with Columbus. We do not live in the United States of Columbus, yet he is who we attribute this land to. This is just an example of the victor not really writing their own history the way they would perceive it. Confrontation is the source of change. Change is what reduces one culture to rubble, along with their buildings and daily life. Change is also responsible for the advancement of another culture and movement towards a continuation in history. Its the change that brings about a history of a people. Conclusion whether or not history is written from the point of view of the victors or not, the story is there. What brought a culture to clash with another culture, or what internal events took place, a change occurred. One culture was tired of being repressed by another, one culture was growing and needed more land and resources to maintain life as they had made it for themselves, or one religion disagreed with another and conflict occurred over beliefs. The military serves whomever is in control and, as the old saying goes, whomever has the gold has the power. If a culture can pay a soldier, then that soldier will assimilate into the belief of the one paying them. It is true for past civilizations and, to a degree, it is true today. The question of whether or not this is fair depends on who, in history, you asked. A paid Roman soldier would agree with the Caesar, whereas a peasant in England forced to work an iron mine, would say historians have only mentioned him and does not go any further than that. Sparta would say they are victorious even though their King died in the war against Persia. Still, they won that war and Persia, a mighty giant in the world at that time, meaning 480 B. C. , fell to rubble, like those they conquered and assimilated themselves. Our textbook gives us an account of what happened in the past, and our instructor gives more information and details to those events, but it is up to us, the students, to come away with the knowledge of what really happened. Only then is the conclusions that are agreed or disagreed on fair, and only to that person who sees the events in accordance with their own views and understanding of the world we live in today. There is much more to be done in historic interpretation, and in the way of teaching and learning about history, yet the views of each event will, or can be, seen as different or the same. There is no right or wrong answer to the interpretation of history only in the accuracy of the information provided, which, too, is ever changing. This class is but a small scratch on the surface of this time period and its history. Much has been learned and discussed, yet conclusions are, at best, illusions. Historians themselves will tell you that. As for what these cultures did to advance economically, to secure their lands, and settle religious differences, is what the textbook has done for us. This paper is the reflection of critical thinking based on what was learned both from the textbook and in the classroom. The debate is not over yet.

Elements Required for the Formation of a Valid Contract

Elements Required for the Formation of a Valid Contract Introduction: When we think of any kind of business there comes the necessity of understanding and applying the rules, principles, norms, and usages of contract. Now a day there is hardly any business dealing that does not comes within the purview of contact. So its very important to have a clear and definite idea on the subject of contract law. However, in this paper Iv tried to give a glimpse on this subject along with its application in practical day to day to business practices in various areas. This piece of work will demonstrate the very basic and primary areas of contract, like offer and acceptance, consideration etc, with a particular emphasis on the operation and operation of business contact. In addition, the paper contains importance of understanding the principle of liability in negligence in business practices and made an effort to apply such principles and practices in different business situations. Requirement 1: Importance of the essential elements required for the formation of a valid contract: A contract is the agreement between parties regarding any kind of dealings that is enforceable in law. So an agreement between parties enforceable by law is a contract and never the others which are not enforceable by law. Suppose, an agreement to purchase 1-kg heroine is not enforceable by law and as such it cannot be a contract, but an agreement for the purchase of computer is enforceable by law and as such is a contract. In this regard, we can reach to a conclusion that all contracts are agreements, but not the vice versa. A contract between the parties can be created verbally; in writing (including by electronic means and website); by act, behave, conduct or inference or By means of all or any of the above mentioned ways. Essentials Elements of a Valid Contract: To be a contract, an agreement must fulfill the following conditions: Proposal(offer) and acceptance; the parties must be competent; the consent of parties must be free; there must have lawful consideration; the object must be lawful; and the agreement must not expressly declared void by law. Beside the above mentioned elements the contract must be certain; possible of performance and written and registered if so required by law.However there can be special principles, terms and conditions applicable to the contract as agreed by the parties that concern specific subject matters, such as employment contract, the sale of moveable property, sale of immoveable property etc. The Offer: Offer is the starting point from where an agreement gets life formally which ultimately may take the shape of a legally binding contract. Offer means the formal expression of intention or willingness of one party to another to do or to refrain from doing an act in order to obtaining the assent of the other party to such act or omission. When one party signifies his willingness to other party in order to take consent of that party regarding any dealing, the party expressing such willingness is said to make an offer and he is called the offeror and the person to whom it is made is called the offeree . So it is clear that, the offer must be communicated to the other party; it can be revoked at any time prior to acceptance. In this point we have to keep in mind that some kinds of transactions involve a preliminary negotiation in which one party invite the other to make an offer. Such an stage is called invitation to treat. Such primary negotiations are an way to reach a stage to make an offer. It is now well settled that negotiations to enter into a contract can amount to an invitation to treat but not an offer. Acceptance: An offer when accepted becomes contract. When the person to whom an offer is made signifies his assent thereto the offer is said to be accepted. Thus the essence of the acceptance is the assent or consent that is coming from the offeree . It simply speaks of giving ones consent to the offer as it is made by the offeror and as such it will be a valid acceptance to convert an offer into a contract. So the acceptance must be communicated; must be to the original proposal made otherwise it could be a counter offer takes effect on the basis of the mode of communicating the acceptance to the offeror (in postal mode- on the date posted, in case of instant or electronic mode, occurs when received). Competency of the Parties: The law does not give everyone to enter into a contract rather prescribe certain specific qualification to attain to be competent to enter into a contract. A person to be competent to enter into a contract, must be of the age of majority; of sound mind; and not disqualified from contracting by any law which he is subject. Thus negatively, the following persons cannot enter into contract: minors; persons of unsound mind; and persons disqualified by any law. Free Consent: Free consent is an essential element of a valid contract. It is natural that for an agreement all parties to it must come to a common point. There are mainly two requirements to be a consent that the consent must given- To the same thing, andIn the same sense. So if the parties So to constitute a contract even mere consent is not sufficient, rather the consent must be free consent according to law agree upon different things or in different sense then this will not be treated as consent. The term thing used in the first requirement means the contents or subject matter of agreement. On the other hand, to constitute a valid contract even mere consent is not sufficient, rather the consent must be free consent according to law. That is to say, to be a free consent, that must not be caused by, coercion, undue influence, fraud, misrepresentation and mistake. In other words, if consent is given being affected by any of the above elements, the consent will not be treated by the law as free consent. Consideration: Ordinarily consideration means mean the exchange of the price. It has different legal meaning which does not restrict it only within the area of monetary compensation rather to be consideration, law required that, something is to be done, forborne, or promised at the desire of the offeror. It may even be termed as burden discharged or in other sense sufferings in the sense of losing something, may be that is ones energy, service, money or anything valuable. A paragraph from the book Law of Contract (10thedn, Sweet and Maxwell,1999,at p.64) Professor Treitel is worth mentioning – The traditional meaning of consideration concentrates on the requirement that something of value must be given and accordingly states that †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦What the law is concentrate with is the consideration for a promise-not the consideration for a contract. So consideration is the cause of acceptance and it – Must be valuable. Something must be supplied in return of the offer of the offeror, eg. Money. Must be lawful and non gratuitous. Must not be something already paid or incurred(past consideration) Lawful Object: In order to execute a valid contract the object and consideration of a agreement must have to be lawful. The object and consideration are lawful unless- It is forbidden by law; or Is of such nature that, if permitted, it would defeat the provisions of any law; or Is fraudulent; or Involves or implies injury to any person or his property; or It is regarded as immortal or against the public policy and public welfare. Enforceability in Law: Although an agreement may have all the essential elements, it may not be a enforceable contract because of some other issues like impossibility of performance or where the agreement unduly restrains any person in his trade. So if an agreement fails to satisfy the legal requirements of a contract then that becomes nothing but unenforceable by law which cannot turn into a contract ever rather a void agreement. (P1.1). Essential elements of the contract in a given scenario: Adam, Owner of a house offers in face to face, Brad to sell his house at a certain price. Brad, accept the offer made by Adam and pay a portion of price for the house asked by him. This is an example of a valid contract entered into by Adam and Brad for the sale of the house. In this transaction we will find all the essential elements for the formation of a valid contract. Moreover the contract is executed in a lawful manner. Here, Adam made the Offer which Brad Accepts in his Free Consent and pay Adam a portion of the Consideration (price). Both the parties are Competent to execute a contract and their Object is not also lawful. So the contract of sale of house between Adam and Brad is Enforceable in Law. The impact of different types of contract: Expressed and Implied contract: If the offer and acceptance of contract are made in words, i.e, either expressed orally or in words, it is an express one. It can be of two types, i.e. Oral and Written. On the other hand when there is no formal expression of such offer and acceptance rather it is implied from the acts or omission of the parties, it is regarded as an implied contract. Valid contract: An agreement enforceable by law is a contract and is valid. That is to say, a valid contract is that agreement which fulfils all requirements of a contract as imposed by law. Voidable contract: The voidable status of a contract is a temporary status which has to be made enforceable by law or has to be set aside and both these are dependant at the option of the parties at one side and not at the option of the other side. The law determines at whose option it will be validated or annulled in each particular case considering the nature of voidable contract. Thus a contract cannot remain as voidable forever; rather it has to be valid or void. Void contract: A contract becomes void by ceasing its enforceability by law. It is not a void ab initio. Because, law says that it has to cease its enforceability and it will be void only when it will cease that enforceability. Thus, the precondition of a void contract is the existence of a valid contract and afterwards somehow its enforceability will be ceased and then it will be treated as a void contract. There may have various grounds for ceasing the enforceability of law, e.g., supervening impossibility or illegality. Unilateral and Bilateral contract: In the case of bilateral contract each party takes on an obligation, usually by promising the other for something- as for example James promise to sell something and Ben promise to buy it. By contrast an unilateral contract is one in which only one party assumes the obligation under the contract. Terms in contracts meaning and effect: 1. Express terms: A. What did the parties say or write? B. Are the statements of the parties terms of the contract. 2. Implied terms: A. Terms implied by customs: It is well established that a contract may be subjected to terms that are sanctioned by the custom, whether commercial or otherwise, they have not been expressly mentioned by the parties. Precedents states that in commercial transaction extrinsic evidence of customs and usages is admissible to annex incidents in written contracts, in matters with respect to which they are silent. B. Terms implied by statute: The translation of usages into agreement and of agreements into statutory terms is most evident in the history of the contracts for the sale of goods. Moreover the provisions of Marine Insurance Act are another example in this regard. C. Terms implied by courts: Other terms have been judicially implied in a number of transactions. Thus in Lynch v Thorne,(1956) the Court of Appeal give judgment in favor of the defendant and held that they could not imply any term that would create an inconsistency with the express language of the bargain. Such a similar position was examined by the House of Lords in Lister v Ramford Ice and Gold Storage Company Ltd and majority of the judge gave judgment in favor of the respondent. Excluding and limiting terms: The common law is quite familiar with the practice of inserting terms excluding and limiting liabilities by one party which would otherwise be his. This situation frequently arises where a documents purporting to express the terms of a contract is delivered to one of the parties and is not read by him. A passenger receives a ticket, stating the terms or referring to the terms set out elsewhere, on which a railway is prepared to carry him or take charge for his luggage. There are different view regarding such clauses. One view describes it as a promisors obligation and the other view describe it as mere defense. P1.3 Appropriate terms for a given situation: Allan, buy a ticket to go to London from Liverpool. The ticket contains terms that he can carry only 10-kilo of goods and for more than that amount he has to pay extra  £5 for per 10-kilo. This is an example of excluding clause in the contract between him and the bus company. Requirements 2: 2.1 Practical application of the elements of contract: Scenario: According to the given problem for this assignment, the following advice has been provided: Advice: In the light of various elements of a valid contract, John McGurks first telex is clearly an offer; which Collin McCellend was to accept. The general rule is that acceptance takes effect on communication and application of this rule is embodied in the cases of Entores and Brinkibon. Considering that the telex of acceptance was sent outside working hours, when should it take effect, and considering the factors mentioned in Brinkibon- intentions of the parties and standard business practice- where should the risk lie? In assessing where should the risk lie we have take into account the fact that Collin can reasonably think that his telex would be read shortly after the lunch hour was finished and to expect John to check where there is any reply from Collin. This is relevant because in other cases on communications, the court does not entertain the claim of the parties who fail to receive message because of their own fault or negligence(such as it was in Entores case). If Collins telex is deemed to take effect when it is sent, a binding contract between them exist at that point and this will take priority over the contract with ford. We should then consider the position if the rule that acceptance only takes effect on communication is strictly applied. The next issue in question is the communication by the other car dealer from whom Collin learnt that the car has been sold. It is clear from Dickinson v Dodds that information from third party can amount to revocation because the message from the third party is regarded as the offeror had said it himself. However the exception of this rule is that if the source of information is not reliable there would be no revocation and the offer would be still available for acceptance. But in the present case this exception is not applicable as the source is not untrustworthy and as such Collin cannot claim John to give effect to his acceptance. However Collin is still entitled to claim damages assuming a contract was made. He could only force John to sell the car to him if court granted specific performance. As the court grant specific performance of contract only when monetary compensation is not adequate to give the plaintiff proper remedy or where there is no other remedy available. Collin can be adequately compensated by money and this could be done by allowing Collin to claim the difference between the cars price and the cost of replacement i.e. more or less  £2000. 2.2 Law on terms in different contracts: Terms of contract can either be conditions or warranties and it vary in various contracts depending on the nature and contents of the contract. Thus terms and conditions in the contract of sale of land are different from that of sale of goods. For better understanding see Terms of Contract- Meaning and Effect part of this paper in page. 2.3 Evaluation of the effect of different terms: Three kinds of contractual terms have normative effect and significance relative to each others namely; Conditions, Warranties and Innominate terms. Conditions: These are the most importance terms of contract and have serious consequences if breached. An innocent party can repudiate a contract and claim damages for breach of such terms. It is not necessary to mark such term as conditions in the contract and court will consider the intentions of the parties to determine such terms. See e.g. Schuler AG v Wickman Machine Tools Sales Ltd. (1974). Such terms can also be determine by statutory provisions, (e.g. Sale of Goods Act 1979, provides that certain terms relating to title to goods and quality of goods are conditions) and by the case laws, typically standard terms in commercial contracts. Warranties: It is of lesser importance than conditions and breach of such terms entitled the innocent to claim damages but not to repudiate the contract. Innominate terms: It can be either conditions or warranties and breach of them can be serious or trivial depending on the particular fact and conditions. Such terms was first emerged in Hong Kong Fir Shipping Co. Ltd. v Kawasaki Ltd. (1962). See also The Mihalis Angelos case, Bunge Corp. v Tradax Export SA(1981) and The Naxos(1990). Ref.1 Requirement 3: Tort: Law of tort the law of civil wrong but every civil wrong is not tort. For a civil wrong to be tort it must contain two conditions:- The remedy is common law action for unliquidated damages and The wrong is not exclusively a breach of contract, breach of trust or other merely equitable obligation. Thus Winfield defines tortuous liability arises from the breach of the duty primarily fixed by law; †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦and its breach is repressible by an action for unliquidated damages. Ref.2 3.1 Differences between liabilities in Tort and Contract: As to the source of interest and duty: The interest in tort and its corresponding duty are created by law but in case of contract they are created by the agreement between the parties to the contract. As to the nature of duty: In tort duty not to violate the interest of another person is toward persons generally, not to any particular person. In contract such duty is only towards the parties to the contract and not towards any strangers. As to nature of remedy: In tort damages are always unliquidated but for breach of contract liquidated damages can be claimed where specified in the contract. Others: Even where unliquidated damages are claimed the principle of liability in tort and contract differ. In contract damages are of compensatory nature except in case of contract of marriage and action by trader against his banker for dishonoring his check while there is sufficient balance to his credit. In tort, on the other hand, exemplary may in certain be awarded by the court. 3.2 Nature of liability in Negligence: Generally in all torts the liability is based on intentions or negligence. An act is negligent if its consequences are neither desired nor are substantially certain but are so probable that a reasonable man would have foreseen and avoid them. Thus, in certain cases of negligence the defendant may not have knowledge of his conduct or consequences thereof, but in many cases he has knowledge of both. It is the element of desire for consequences, which can distinguish negligence from intention. In case of intention actual or presumptive desire is always there, whereas in case of negligence there can never be desire for consequences. 3.3 Vicarious liability in business: Vicarious liability means the liability for the wrong committed by another person. Normally, a person is held liable for wrongs committed by him but sometimes he may be held liable for wrongs committed by other persons. Common example of such liability are liability of master for acts of his servants, done in course of employment, liability of partners for torts committed by a fellow partners, liability of principal for acts of his agent done within the scope of authority and liability of an employer for acts of an independent contractor employed by him. Thus vicarious liability in business can be found in the business practice of agency and in partnership business. In both the cases a person who is liable for any breach of contract cannot be held liable rather the person on behalf of whom he enters into contract will be liable. Thus when there occurs any wrong or breach of any contract or any part thereof by an agent acting on behalf of and within the authority of the principal, then the principal and the agent will be held liable. The same rule applies in the case of partnership business and for the wrong of a partner the fellow partners become liable subject to certain conditions and exceptions. Thus in the case of various contracts and business dealings there arises vicarious liability. Requirement 4: 4.1 Applications of the elements of tort of negligence and defences in different business situations: There are certain general conditions which must be fulfilled or satisfied before a person can be held liable for any tort. Negligence is one of such essential elements and it has significant effect in the ordinary course of various business practices. However negligence can be both, an element as well as a defense in appropriate cases of business. Negligence as elements: Negligence is the lack of application of reasoning and ordinary prudence on the part of the defendant for, that he can be held liable for any damages results from such damages. In every business practice or in other words, contract it is the duty of both the parties to act and behave in a reasonable and wise manner and perform his obligation diligently. Thus as an independent tort negligence means the infliction of damage by breach of a legal duty to take care which the defendant owed to the plaintiff. This if there occurs any breach or any party suffer loss for the negligent act and omission of the other, it will entitled the plaintiff seek relief and damages for such negligent behave. As a defense, contributory negligence: Contributory negligence is a special defense to an action for negligence. When any breach, damage or accidents occurs not solely due to the negligence of the defendant but also partly due to the lack of ordinary care on the plaintiffs part, the part of the negligence of the plaintiff is called contributory negligence because it also contributes towards bringing about of the consequence. The defense of the contributory negligence will fail if there is no lack of reasonable care and attention on the plaintiffs part. However the scope of the defense was already narrowed by invention of the rule of last opportunity in Davis v Mann (1842) case. It was further limited by extension of the last opportunity rule to situations where actually the defendant was not in a position to avoid the accident but he lost the opportunity because of some of fault on his part. Thus the leading case is, British Columbia Electric Rly v Loach(1916). 4.2 Applications of the elements of vicarious liability in given business situations: A, is appointed as agent for B for certain activities with the authority to enter into contract of selling As car. A enters into a contract with C for selling the car for  £2500. However after the compellation of the contract it is discovered by A that the car has certain defects which was unknown to A and hence C claims damages. In such a situation A is not liable for the act done by him as he has acted upon and within authority of B. Here not a rather B is vicariously liable and C can sue B, not for his claim. Concluding Remarks: Though sources of interest in contract and tort are different yet they may co-exist or concur in the same case. In such case interest is created by the contract as well as general law. In the realm of modern business practices contractual obligations and its breach are so much important and in this regard to get proper remedy and appropriate its very much essential to have clear and sound knowledge on contractual obligations, liabilities along with various liabilities of tort law.